Multi-cultural Education

 Chapter One: (Penguin Edition)

1. The first chapter sets the stage for the coming struggle between artist Basil Hallward and decadent aristocrat Lord Henry Wotton over young Dorian Gray. Characterize the two older men. What seem to be their principles and lifestyles?

2. What might Basil mean when he says he won't exhibit his portrait of Dorian because he has "put too much of . . . [himself] in it"? (24) In other words, what does Basil the painter claim that art should be or do, and why does he appear to consider Dorian a threat to this claim?

3. Lord Henry (or "Harry") has some curious views on marriage and on the masses. What are those views? Does Lord Henry make a few good points about these issues?

4. Does Harry's philosophy remind you of Walter Pater's ideas in "Conclusion"? How?

 

Chapter Two:

5. Basil introduces Lord Harry to Dorian. Consider this chapter as a seduction scene. To what would Harry win over Dorian? What are his arguments? Which one is most effective?

6. What effect do Harry's arguments have upon Dorian? Describe the Faustian bargain he makes.

7. Whom has Dorian chosen to spend his time with by the end of the chapter?

 

Chapter Three:

8. Examine the master/disciple relationship that is becoming established between Dorian and Lord Henry. What seems to be the reward of this relationship for Henry? Again, does he sound like Pater the scientific analyst of emotions and impressions?

 

Chapter Four:

9. Dorian describes to Harry how, inspired by Harry's Paterian rhetoric, he wandered eastward in London in search of new sensations, was talked into entering an "absurd little theatre" (75), and got his first look at Sibyl Vane. In what play and role is Sibyl cast? Why might the choice of plays on Wilde's part be important?

10. How does Dorian respond to Sibyl's performance? Examine his behavior upon being introduced to Sibyl. Does he recognize her as another human being?

11. Examine Lord Henry's enjoyment as he watches Dorian experience his first love.

 

Chapter Five:

12. Does Sibyl understand her relationship with Dorian in a mature way? Does she see him for what he is?

13. What does Sibyl's brother James, aged sixteen, appear to have against Dorian, whom he has never met? To explore this question, you must pay attention to the secret that James' mother reveals to him about his birth. Based upon what you already know about Dorian's birth, might there be some still deeper reason for James' presentiments about Dorian Gray? Do the two young men actually have something in common?

14. Describe the Vane family in terms of class. Does the family have a stable relation to either the upper or the lower, or even the middle, class? Which family member has the best sense of this position?

 

Chapter Six:

 

15. On page 101, Lord Henry makes some interesting observations on male-female relations and on marriage. On the whole, Henry is no great supporter of marriage, but nonetheless, he seems to think that Dorian's proposed marriage might just open up new opportunities. How so?

16. What does Dorian say or imply made him fall in love with Sibyl? Is it really Sibyl that he loves? Or does he love Juliet?

17. Under the spell of actress Sibyl, Dorian's opinion of the refined Epicurean Henry appears to have changed, at least for now. How has Dorian redefined pleasure, and what might Lord Henry find disagreeable about Dorian's new definition?

18. Nonetheless, when the chapter ends with a carriage ride to the theater where Sibyl is to perform, Dorian rides with Lord Henry, not with Basil Hallward. Is that a disturbing portent with regard to Dorian's intentions toward Sibyl?

19. Have you noticed something about Basil's character in the course of reading this chapter? In what way does he take issue with Lord Henry's amoral sparring with Dorian? Also, why does Basil brood silently at chapter's end?

 

Chapter Seven:

20. Why does Sibyl perform badly?

21. Why does Dorian reject her afterwards? What do his reasons tell us about him? 22. What has happened to Dorian's portrait when he returns home? What does he resolve to do?

 

Chapter Eight:

23. No sooner has the ink dried on the contrite letter Dorian has written to Sibyl than Lord Henry shows up with the news that she has committed suicide. Follow out Henry's attempts to turn Dorian away from grief and remorse? With what arguments does he pursue his goal?

24. Is Henry successful? Examine Dorian's resolve when, as the chapter ends, he returns to his chamber to contemplate his portrait.

 

Chapter Nine:

25. Basil Hallward, crestfallen to hear of Sibyl's death, visits his friend. How does Dorian receive Hallward's sincere condolences? Does Dorian sound a lot like Lord Henry by now?

26. What confession does Basil make to Dorian about the portrait and about his former attitude toward Dorian himself? How does Dorian take this confession?

 

Chapter Ten:

27. Why does Dorian believe it is necessary to hid his portrait? Does he hide the picture only because of what others may find out, or is there an additional reason? 28. Lord Henry has given Dorian a curious yellow book. What sort of book does it appear to be? By what means does it affect Dorian?

 

Chapter Eleven:

29. In this long chapter, whole years go by, and yet Dorian does not age a day even though he is leading a vicious life. Harry-like, he becomes a spectator; but in this instance, the spectator beholds his own corruption. Since we know that Lord Harry is a Paterian, trace out as many Paterisms as you can in this chapter.

30. To what use is Dorian putting the Oxford Professor's philosophy, at least as he understands it? Notice the scientific trappings of Dorian's methodology. To what behavior, however, does this badly applied science lead him? (Pay special attention to the part of the chapter in which Dorian fetishizes gems, books, and other objects.)

 

Chapter Twelve:

31. Basil Hallward shows up at Dorian's doorstep and reports, horrified, all the nasty rumors that have been circulating about his young friend. It may be true, as Lord Henry says somewhere, that "the only thing worse than being talked about is not being talked about," but nonetheless, catalog the rumors about Dorian--just what has he been up to all these years?

32. What is Dorian's response to Basil's litany of decadent acts and to his attempts to change his friend's ways?

 

Chapter Thirteen:

33. Dorian shows Basil the portrait he painted some eighteen years ago. How does Basil respond to what he sees?

34. Examine the narrative that Dorian gives of his own fall. Is it convincing?

35. In response to Basil's frantic, priestly attempt to make his friend confess and repent, Dorian murders him. How does Dorian treat this terrible act?

 

Chapter Fourteen:

36. Who is Alan Campbell? Why has Dorian sent for him? Can you connect Alan's grotesque scientific task to Dorian's understanding of the Paterian method.

 

Chapter Fifteen:

37. This is a rather uneventful chapter. Dorian and Lord Henry dine at Lady Narborough's place. Try comparing the impression the two men make. Compared to what we know about Dorian, does Henry seem almost innocuous next to him?

 

Chapter Sixteen:

38. What does Dorian say at the chapter's beginning that he needs most to do? How does he plan to do it?

39. Pay attention to the people Dorian has ruined--Adrian Singleton and the prostitute--and, in a sense, James Vane? What has he done to them? What is his relationship to and attitude toward them now?

40. James Vane, who has apparently had his mind set for years on punishing Dorian for Sibyl's death, nearly catches him. What is the clue that at first sets him after his enemy? More importantly, why doesn't James recognize Dorian? Does the answer go deeper than mere age?

 

Chapter Seventeen:

41. Well, another dinner-party chapter is upon us. It must have been terribly difficult for Wilde to write--after all, writing about people doing nothing is the most exhausting task of all--except for doing nothing. Can you make something, by now, of Lord Harry's remark, "Our countrymen never recognize a description"? (232) Or how about Dorian's Henryesque remark that women are "Sphinxes without secrets"? (232)

42. Why does Dorian faint at chapter's end? Describe the opposition between the setting of this chapter and the appearance of James Vane on the scene.

 

Chapter Eighteen:

43. James Vane, spying on Dorian at the hunting grounds, is fatally shot. Characterize the reaction of the hunters, including Harry, in terms of class relations.

 44. What is Dorian's reaction when he examines the dead man's body and realizes that it is James? Does Dorian's own fear of death's coming in any way link him to James?

 

Chapter Nineteen:

45. Lord Henry is getting a divorce, Alan Campbell has committed suicide, and everyone thinks that Basil is missing in Paris. Dorian wants to reform his ways, and has even decided that he won't ruin the reputation of Hetty, the country girl he has been seeing. What is Lord Henry's reaction to this new sensation on Dorian's part?

46. How serious is Dorian about reforming? Does Henry find it easy to win him back to the status of a Paterian art object? What arguments does Henry use?

 

Chapter Twenty:

47. What is the significance of Dorian's breaking of the mirror given him long ago by Lord Henry?

48. Examine Dorian's thinking process as he makes his fatal decision. What does he hope to accomplish by stabbing his own portrait?